Characteristics of pistachio cultivars and bases

Characteristics of pistachio cultivars

About 90 cultivars are known in Iran, some of which are widely and commercially cultivated and some are scattered and limited.Iranian Pistachio The characteristics of the most important commercial pistachio cultivars are presented as follows:

Ohadi variety: one of the most important commercial pistachio varieties, very famous and compatible in most pistachio working areas and includes 60-70% of pistachio orchards in Rafsanjan. The height of the tree is about 3 meters, it has a medium growth and a wide crown. Most of its leaves are composed of three leaflets and the end leaflets are bigger than the side leaflets.

The majority of the ends are very high and most of the leaves are compound. It has medium flowers, early maturity and medium maturity. It can be harvested in the first decade of September.

Kale Gochi variety: relatively high yield, large and hazelnut fruit has been one of the main factors of its selection and expansion, it has stronger and stronger branches than Ohadi. It is more sensitive to lack of water and food. In most years, due to early flowering, especially in cold regions, it is at risk of spring cold. It is medium-clay and with medium maturity, it has less terminal gability and the power of producing side branches is more. The seed seedlings obtained from this variety are resistant to toxicity. It can be harvested in the second decade of September.

Ahmad Aghaei variety: It is a commercial variety with almond-shaped fruit, white bony skin and large fruit. Medium flower and late bloomer, with the highest annual intensity, which can be controlled to a large extent if properly managed.

Akbari variety: one of the commercial varieties of pistachio and has the highest economic value, its fruits are almond-shaped, elongated and large, the characteristics of this variety are high vegetative growth with dense veins and wide leaf surface, good yield, late flowering and late flowering. which can be harvested in the third decade of September and suffers more damage from heatstroke.

Badami Zarand variety: The fruit of this variety is almond-shaped, small and dagger-like, and has a dull color. Its origin is from the old pistachio orchards located in Zarand region of Kerman. Most of its leaves are 5 leaflets. It is an early-flowering cultivar and can be harvested in the first half of August.

Khanjari Damghan variety: This variety is one of the commercial pistachio varieties of Damghan region, whose fruit is almond-shaped. Most of its leaves are composed of 3 leaflets and the terminal leaflet is bigger than the side leaflets. It is a late-flowering and medium-clay type and can be harvested in the second decade of September.

Premium variety: the almond-shaped fruits of this variety and its kernel are more delicious than other commercial varieties. Most of its leaves are trifoliate. It is an early-flowering variety and can be harvested in the third decade of September, it is considered one of the early-flowering and late-flowering varieties.

Nuq pistachio white variety: This variety has existed in the Rafsanjan region since the past, especially in the Nuq region, which has a warmer climate than Rafsanjan. The fruit of this variety is almond-shaped and early flowering, which can be harvested in the third decade of September and is one of the late varieties.

Shah Pasand variety: This variety is also one of the commercial pistachio varieties in Damghan region, whose fruit is almond-shaped. Most of its leaves are composed of 3 leaflets. It is a late-flowering variety and can be harvested in the second decade of Shahrivar month from the average clay varieties.

Qazvini variety pistachio: It originates from the Qazvin region and is known as goat head pistachio. Its fruit is almond-shaped, small and has a relatively green kernel. The number of fruits in each cluster is very large. Most of its leaves are composed of 3 leaflets. It is a late flowering variety and can be harvested in the middle of August and is one of the early varieties.

Different varieties of pistachio have differences in terms of flowering time and they can be divided into 3 categories:

Early-flowering varieties: Italian, white pistachio nook and kole gochi

Medium varieties of flowers: Ohadi, Ahmad Aghaei and Badami Zarand

Late flower cultivars: Ebrahimi, Jandaghi, Qazvini and Akbari

The variety of pistachio cultivars in terms of flowering makes it possible to choose a variety that will cause the least damage to the flower and the pollination situation, considering the late cold, rain and early spring heat, which are considered limiting climatic factors. The flowering time of different cultivars is affected by environmental conditions, including the climate of the region, feeding and fertilizing, irrigation and soil texture.