The concentration of nutrients in the leaves depended on the time, the age of the leaves and its position on the tree, and the absence of fruit and its position in the garden. Also, the base and cultivar of the tree must be identified. Therefore, according to the above, harvesting and sampling of tree leaves is done. And the sample taken varies according to the purpose, for example, if the only problem is the lack of an element in a tree or in an area of the garden, it is enough to take a few leaves from several weak and strong trees.
The correct method of leaf sampling
However, if the goal is to determine the set amount of nutrients in a garden, sampling will be done from a larger number of trees in different parts of the garden. Leaves that have already been sprayed to address the deficiencies of an element should not be used. The collected samples are packed in paper bags with identification labels and delivered to the laboratory up to 24 hours later.
The best harvest season for leaves is July and August. However, if the purpose is only to compare the quality of a strong tree with a weak tree, the sample is taken and analyzed at any time.
Drought of pistachio branches and twigs is more or less present in most Iranian Pistachio pistachio orchards in Kerman province and other areas.
In addition to branch drought, which is caused by pistachio branch drought due to the high population of root-knot nematodes in the soil or due to pests including weevils, in some trees parts of the branch, especially at the branch location, become dark. And slightly sunken and leaking, which can be easily distinguished from the healthy parts of the branch due to the color difference.
Progression of the complication is sometimes accompanied by the formation of gum on the branches. The skin and wood of the branches become dark in color and the affected branches dry out over time.
Infection of pistachio trees with this complication in different areas of Rafsanjan has been determined between zero to 85%. Some fungi have been isolated from some affected branches, such as paecilomyces variotii and cytospora sp. They had the highest frequency, respectively.
Currently, to prevent the progression of the disease, measures such as proper pruning, soil texture improvement, strengthening trees and timely irrigation are recommended. If you want to solve this problem completely, ask our experts for expertise.
Standard distance for planting pistachio trees In most pistachio orchards, due to the lack of Iranian Pistachio knowledge of gardeners, planting intervals are not observed and orchards with irregular and dense shapes are observed, which in addition to not observing the correct principles of horticulture, have operational and harvesting problems. In order to prevent this problem, a suitable distance between the two rows of 6-8 meters and 3-4 meters is recommended. Mixed culture: Planting any type of plant, whether crop or garden in the distance between trees is called mixed cultivation. The seedling period of pistachio trees is relatively long. Therefore, the gardener plants suitable plants in the distance between pistachio trees in addition to providing part of the production cost, also improves the soil structure.
The production of synthetic materials from semi-chemicals has led to the Iranian Pistachio mass and commercial production of attractant traps for pest tracking and hunting in pest control programs. Unlike other sampling methods, which can be time consuming or require a special technique to use, tracking based on semi-chemical materials is very easy and simple. In addition, the pheromone is a good tool for measuring pest density and is often the most practical way to track insects.
Applications of trapping system
One of the uses of the trapping system is to detect the presence of a pest in the area. The trapping system is used as one of the primary tools to track quarantine pests and determine the extent of their spread. For this purpose, traps are used in airports and ports that have high risk areas to detect the presence of external pests. Traps are also used in pest tracking programs to identify harmful species of pests and to provide the necessary information to prevent them from spreading to new areas.
Another important application of the trap system is to measure the fluctuations of the pest population as a tool for decision making in the pest control program. Combining pheromone traps and Degree-day models can be a reliable way to track the activity of adult insects, predict mating and spawning times, and determine when insecticides will be used.
Another increasing use of attractant traps is to measure the effectiveness of mating disorder formulations. Failure to hunt the pest or hunting a small number of butterflies with a pheromone trap indicates the success of the target pest mating disruption tactic.
Many people who are regular consumers of dried fruits, like to know the Iranian Pistachio specifications of fresh dried bananas, we provide you with all these important specifications, these specifications are: Fresh dried bananas have a bright yellow color. Its sugar is natural and does not harm people with diabetes. There are no dark spots on it. It has a crisp and soft texture. They are basically in the form of thin rings. The flavor of bananas can be easily felt. By knowing these specifications, you can easily identify and buy new and quality samples whenever you want to buy. Fresh specimens are softer when used, but their texture dries out when left for longer. Banana is a fruit that changes color when dried, but to some extent, if dried properly and fresh, it retains its color and shape well and attracts customers.
As mentioned before, the pistachio tree is a water finder so that it Iranian Pistachio survives even in severe dehydration conditions. Pores or leaf holes in pistachio trees are less sensitive to drought and show more resistance to dehydration than other cold fruit trees.
However, economically, the best results are obtained when the tree is well watered. The amount, method and time of irrigation are factors that have a great impact on how the crop is produced and the plant grows, especially on the growth of newly planted and young trees.
Since pistachios are resistant to salinity of water and soil, desert and saline lands where the production of other agricultural products is not easily possible or a suitable and economical product is not harvested can be allocated for the construction of pistachio orchards, usually the price of such lands It is very low and with less investment, a larger area can be planted with pistachios.
Pistachio resistance to dehydration and compatibility
Due to the tolerance of pistachios to drought and water shortage and its relative resistance to cold and heat and the high adaptation that it shows in different conditions, the construction of pistachio orchards is less risky, especially since the water consumption of pistachio orchards is less than other fruits. And will be much lower if pressurized irrigation systems are used.
Fortunately, in recent years, several factories have been established in the field of Iranian Pistachio production of dried fruit chips, which produce the best dried fruit chips with the most up-to-date materials and market them at a reasonable price. Fortunately, our dear country is one of the leading countries in the field of production and supply of dried fruit for fruit chips. The supply of fruit chips is usually done directly and in the form of retail or wholesale. Our commercial site is one of the safe portals for supplying fruit chips all over the country, where you can easily make your purchase. The supply of premium dried fruit chips is sold through this site.
If Iran understands the importance of its pistachio products and moves Iranian Pistachio towards solving the problems, it can use its resources and facilities to produce a unique pistachio, considering that there is no place in the world that can reach the taste and tenderness of Iranian pistachios. Therefore, Iranian pistachios can become an exclusive product for Iran and increase Iran's exports on a large scale. With the reduction of pistachio production problems in Iran, pistachio exports are increasing rapidly and overhead costs, including product reference or laboratory costs for various tests at the international level are reduced, as well as our competitors, of which the United States is one of the main ones. Dealing with us in terms of price and international standards is short-lived, and so our overseas sales are greatly increased. Reducing pistachio production problems can increase pistachio exports.
Factors affecting the severity of sunburn in pistachio Iranian Pistachio fruit are:
Intensity and duration of sunlight and increase in ambient temperature.
All the factors that increase the reflection of solar radiation increase the intensity of sunburn, for example, in cases where the soil surface is due to salinity, shiny and white, due to the almost complete reflection of solar radiation energy, sunburn on the fruits of the branches. High pistachios are formed.
The lighter (sandy) the soil texture, the lower its moisture storage. On the other hand, the reflection of sunlight in sandy textures is more. Therefore, more sunburn occurs in sandy tissues.
Low relative humidity and low vegetation on the garden surface.
Thick green skin and green skin and bony skin due to genetic and nutritional factors.
Severe pruning of a part of the tree to expose some of the fruits that were previously in the shade to strong sunlight.
Lack of proper direction of planting rows due to climatic conditions and latitude.
Pest damage such as age, skin-eating moth and fruit-eating moth damage green skin and bony skin and increase fruit sensitivity to sunburn.
Gonorrhea and nematode diseases of pistachio root glands increase sensitivity to sunburn due to reduced leaf cover and impaired absorption and movement of nutrients.
Increasing the length of irrigation cycle, especially in the hot months of the year, intensifies sunburn.
Irregular irrigation and water stress reduce the moisture of green skin and intensify sunburn.
Rainfall and spraying and untimely spraying on fruits during intense sunlight in July and August, causes water droplets on green skin. These water droplets act like a magnifying glass and intensify sunburn.
Damage to the green skin of pistachio fruit due to factors such as foliar spraying, improper spraying and hail causes stains on green skin and sunburn intensifies. It is more common, because alkalinity is also seen as a spot, sunburn is also seen as a spot in the garden.
Calcium deficiency due to too much magnesium in the soil solution increases the fruit's sensitivity to sunburn. Pistachio fruit needs a lot of calcium due to its bone tissue. Calcium deficiency may not be observed in the leaves, but the amount of calcium is not enough for proper fruit growth.
Nitrogen poisoning in pistachio fruit is similar to sunburn, except that gum comes out of the tips of some seeds.
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