Pollination and transfer of male pollen to female flowers ready for inoculation is done by wind. Insects do not play an important and effective role in this transfer. The female flower of the pistachio tree lacks the odor, nectar and special coloration needed to attract insects. Due to the dual rootstock of the pistachio tree, the presence of a male tree is essential for pollination of the pistachio tree.
The presence of wind is a key factor in the movement of male pollen. If it rains or the relative humidity is high during the pollination season, the male pollen grains become swollen and heavy with moisture absorption and the inoculation process becomes difficult.
For this reason, it is recommended to spray or fertilize the leaves at the time of pollination and during one step. Make sure that the male trees are not sprayed during this stage. After rain or foliar application, male trees are unable to produce pollen for at least two to three days.
Female flowers that have not been inoculated will shed in the millet stage. Therefore, the vacancy at the end of the season (at harvest time) has nothing to do with the pollination at the beginning of the season.
In fields with fresh water and soil, the germinated seeds intended for sowing Iranian Pistachio are sown in the place of the main land after the land has been plowed (reaching the field capacity limit). If the field soil is heavy, the inside of each pit is covered with sand in order to seal the seeds. This helps the plant to grow, because not only does it provide enough oxygen to the roots of the seedlings, but it also activates the beneficial aerobic organisms in the soil. The depth of seed sowing depends on the size of the seed (planting depth is about 2 to 5 times the diameter of the seed) In Iran, pistachio seeds are sown in two ways.
The first method of sowing pistachio seeds:
Sowing seeds in plastic pots in the greenhouse is at the end of September or the first of March. The seedlings are transferred to the main land after one year of growth in the greenhouse.
In the second method of planting pistachio seeds:
Seeds are sown directly in the ground in mid to late April. Some gardeners think that direct sowing of seeds in the mainland, although delayed in growth compared to potted seeds, will result in stronger plants than potted seedlings after a few years.
Shopping centers offer first-class natural dried fruits of this product with high quality and Iranian Pistachio pleasant taste for sale. The market for selling dried fruits is extremely prosperous and this product has a very high nutritional value. Dried fruits have many uses in the food industry and are used in the production of various food products.
It is exported and it is very profitable. These dried fruits have a very good shelf life and have a unique taste. The sale of dried fruits in the domestic market has been very prosperous, and this has led to the regulation of prices in the market and the elimination of prices and inflation. The sellers of dried fruits have considered the conditions to offer their products directly for sale with excellent and unique quality. The price of dried fruit is very cheap and very reasonable discounts will be included for customers.
It is possible to order this product directly from the manufacturer all over the country at a low cost. These products are excellent in terms of quality. This product is supplied all over the country at a reasonable and affordable price in the sales agents of this product. This food has a great value in nutrition sciences and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.
Every year, with the onset of summer, in some pistachio orchards we Iranian Pistachio see the fall of leaves and sometimes clusters, which sometimes cause concern to farmers. So far, no research has been done on this subject, but the experiences of the past years show that along with the warming of the air and the increase of the plant's respiration rate, the increase of ethylene hormone causes the leaves and spikes to fall.
Specialized phytosanitary channel. Some factors exacerbate this complication. Such as waterlogging, the use of rotted manure, and هر In general, any complication that reduces the level of oxygen around the roots exacerbates the loss of leaves and fruit, which is temporary.
Calcium has an effective role in reducing the synthesis of ethylene in the plant. The penetration of calcium into the fruit reduces respiration and production of ethylene, and thus preserves and strengthens the fruit and stabilizes ACC oxidase activity. Farmers should consider this complication increases with irrigation. But this is temporary and usually stops after two or three days.
In general, this complication, except for the small damage that is imposed on the farmer by the fall of weak clusters, does not cause much concern and does not require special action. Unless the fall is severe and due to factors other than this and mechanical complications such as falling due to strong winds or hail.
We welcome the opinions of respected experts and farmers' experiences in understanding this complication as much as possible.
It causes a lot of damage to domestic and wild pistachios. This insect Iranian Pistachio excretes a lot of honey, which dries and whitens quickly in the presence of air, so this pest is called dry sap in the local language. Biology Adult overwintering insects Psyllids settle on trees from early April. These insects have more flight power than adult summer insects, causing more contamination in gardens. After mating, as soon as the buds of the clusters and leaves open, they lay eggs on them. The eggs are laid in numbers of 50 to 60, individually or in groups, in various shapes such as semicircles, spirals, etc. on the surface of the leaves and more close to the petals. The eggs usually hatch in 5 to 10 days. The nymphs start working and feeding in early May. The nymphal period is usually 20 days and the first generation of adult insects appear in large numbers in the garden from the end of the second decade of May. Different pistachio cultivars have different susceptibility to pistachio psyllid contamination. In general, the thinner, softer, wider, and larger the leaves of trees, the greater the tendency to attract adult psyllids and spawn. Akbari cultivar is more sensitive than other cultivars and Ouhadi cultivar is more resistant.
It is better not to dump the pistachio product directly on the floor of the Iranian Pistachio warehouse, but it is recommended to store the pistachio product in a bag or disinfected sacks. Pistachio bags should be spaced from the walls of the warehouse and mosaic pieces should be placed under the wide board bags.
If the number of sacks is large and takes up most of the storage space, the bags should be stacked in rows, a distance should be considered between the rows, or the so-called slave should be rotated to go and It is easy to inspect and inspect the bags and also the warehouse space ventilation and disinfection fumigation can be done effectively.
Wet pistachios are susceptible to pests or become moldy. Therefore, moistened Iranian Pistachio pistachio kernels are a favorable environment for the growth and multiplication of various molds, including aflatoxin-producing fungi or molds, and especially find great potential for the growth of type I fungi. These fungi grow rapidly in moistened nuts that have a moisture content of less than 13% and secrete some poison into the pistachios while spoiling the nuts.
The fight against this fungus inside the pistachio kernel has remained almost unresolved to this day. While it is possible to kill this fungus with chemicals and fungicides, the problem is that these chemicals and fungicides, in turn, are harmful to human health and some of them are more toxic than aflatoxin poison. The ability of pistachio kernels to contaminate such substances.
The most important factor in preventing the occurrence of fungi
Therefore, the same Persian proverb (in preventing the occurrence of these fungi) is a real, worthy and measured example that has a world of wisdom and experience of our ancestors, they have said: the event must be treated before it occurs. Therefore, the most important factor in preventing the occurrence of these fungi is to keep the pistachio crop away from any contact with moisture.
Because humidity and humid conditions are the environment that provides the growth and development of fungi and molds. Fortunately, the arid and semi-desert conditions of pistachio-rich regions of Iran are a great barrier to the growth and reproduction of these fungi, while in the Mediterranean or wetter climates of most pistachio-growing regions of the world, a favorable ground for the growth and multiplication of these fungi naturally. Is provided.
Accordingly, Iranian pistachio crop on the tree is less likely to be affected by this pest. Unless harvesting is delayed, or for some reason is not done in time and is exposed to autumn rains. Or untimely and untimely rainfall of the pistachio crop on the tree, in this case, a humid environment and the necessary conditions for the reproduction and activity of these fungi may be prepared.
Dried mango is one of the most popular and popular dried fruits Iranian Pistachio that has numerous properties and benefits and can be a very good alternative to candy and chocolate. Due to its high fiber content, it increases energy, relieves fatigue and improves gastrointestinal function.
Dried mango fruit is offered in two major and minor forms in both foreign and Iranian types and according to market needs in different packages. To buy the best dried mango, which is usually in the form of large slices with bright colors and excellent quality and can be consumed with nuts, you can proceed online by visiting the online stores of dried fruits. These stores try to satisfy the customer by offering the best and most quality product and giving comprehensive and sufficient information about the product and the current price of this product.
Investigate the reasons for the benefits of using Iranian Pistachio biological fertilizers
Surface soil is full of living and active microorganisms, some of which play an essential role in root growth and consequently the biological function of the crop. Beneficial bacteria and fungi in the soil, by secreting various growth regulators, in addition to preventing damage by harmful fungi and soil bacteria in the rhizosphere, provide the conditions for the plant to absorb the necessary elements and stabilize the soil. In this regard, the production of sulfur-degrading thiobacilli, mycorrhiza fungi and… can be mentioned. Hooker fertilizer is a combination of beneficial microorganisms, especially Bacillus, which was first introduced in Japan about 40 years ago. There are many benefits to using this fertilizer, which you can read the full description and benefits by visiting the purchase page of this fertilizer.
The director of Rafsanjan Agricultural Jihad said: in total, 10% of Rafsanjan pistachio orchards are equipped with pressurized irrigation. Reza Bomani stated in an interview with Mehr: At present, 6530 hectares of pressurized irrigation has been implemented in the city and we are also implementing about 500 hectares.
He stated: "Currently, we are working on 3,000 hectares of gardens in Rafsanjan for pressurized irrigation, and their case has been completed and we are waiting for their credit." The official said: frost before the year on the 5th of Esfand, when the temperature dropped by 3.5 degrees below zero, and on March 11th, the temperature reached 3 degrees below zero, and the sum of these two frosts damaged early cultivars such as Ahmad Aghaei and Koleghoochi.
Bemani considered the damage caused to Rafsanjan pistachios due to frost last year as high and specified: Nearly 270 billion Tomans were damaged to pistachio cultivars due to this frost.
The director of Rafsanjan Agricultural Jihad continued: "During the Eid, both the storm and the loss disrupted pollination, and the late-flowering cultivar, like Akbari, was fertilized when it became hot and experienced a temperature of 30 degrees, and this also caused damage." Reported that it is being prepared.
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